![]() Patients and providers work together to prioritize and problem-solve health issues and track progress over time. The paradigm shift to collaborative care and greater involvement of patients in decision-making has been linked to greater patient involvement and better clinical outcomes ( 19, 20). In the context of emerging models of care that focus on collaboration, such as the chronic care model ( 17, 18), “productive interactions” between patients and providers are crucial. We contribute: (1) a description of a design process and artefacts for exploring this design space (2) insight into patient and caregiver perspectives on collaborative health reminders and notifications, and (3) design implications for collaborative health reminders. Our goal was to understand patient and caregiver perspectives on the collaborative uses of health reminders. We chose a data-driven approach to prototyping that leveraged our prior ethnographic work on health reminders ( 7– 9). We describe prototyping and evaluating five collaborative health reminders and notifications that support collaboration for chronic illness management: Symbolic Reminder Band, Social Reminder App, Reminder Invitation, Conversation Reminder, and Actionable Notification. In this paper, we propose that one way to improve health reminders and notifications to better support patient work, is to design collaborative health reminders that leverage caring relationships for greater engagement in and success with achieving health tasks. The potential role of collaboration in enhancing health reminders, has not yet been a focus of design. Efforts at improving generic reminders emphasize personalization, targeting individuals based on their personal preferences, and receptiveness to persuasive strategies ( 14– 16). For example, generic health reminders are sent to individual patients based on information in the electronic medical record ( 1– 5). ![]() Current health reminders lack integration within these caring relationships. Patients tend to work closely with health care providers, as well as friends and family members, to accomplish health tasks ( 11– 13). ![]() The assumption underlying the design of current health reminders and notifications-that patient work is performed independently-starkly contrasts with patients’ everyday experiences. The failures of health reminders negatively impact patients and healthcare organizations. These challenges of acting on health reminders disproportionately affect the nearly 50% of Americans ( 10) with chronic illnesses for whom health tasks are complex and ongoing ( 11). Patients report barriers such as lacking motivation and lacking understanding of the tasks they are being reminded to perform ( 6– 9). However, patients face several barriers to acting independently upon health reminders for common tasks such as medication refills, appointments, and test result follow-up. These reminders are typically sent to individual patients to independently perform health tasks ( 1– 5). Health reminders and notifications are among the major tools that healthcare organizations use to support patients to accomplish critical health tasks.
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